: The aim of this study is to determine in indigenous Chinese ethnic groups the frequencies of the chemokine (SDF1 3'A) and chemokine receptors (CCR5 [DELTA] 32, CCR5 m303, and CCR2b 641) HIV-1/AIDS restriction alleles. The study includes two cohorts; the first comprised 3165 indigenous healthy subjects representing eight ethnic groups: Han (n= 1406), Uygur (n= 316), Mongolia (n= 134), Hui (n= 386), Tibetan (n= 330), Zhuang (n= 378), Dai (n= 101), and Jingbo (n= 114). The second cohort consisted of 330 HIV-1-infected (86 subjects infected by sexual transmission and 198 subjects infected by HIV-1-contaminated blood or by sharing injection equipment; the remaining 46 subjects said nothing about HIV-1 transmission) and 474 HIV-1-uninfected Han Chinese belonging to one of two HIV-1 high-risk groups: intravenous drug users (n= 215) and individuals with sexually transmitted diseases (n= 259). Genotypes for the four genes were obtained using PCR (CCR5 [DELTA] 32) or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Randomly selected amplified PCR products were further confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. The variant allele frequencies were determined to be 0% to 3.48% for CCR5 [DELTA] 32, 0% for CCR5 m303, 16.23% to 28.79% for CCR2b 641, and 17.70% to 27.76% for SDF1 3'A in Chinese healthy individuals from eight ethnic groups. These findings show that allele frequencies differ among the eight Chinese ethnic groups for CCR5 [DELTA] 32, CCR2b 641, and SDFI 3'A and that the CCR5 m303 and CCR5 A32 mutant alleles were absent or infrequent in Chinese, which may be helpful for studies of specific anti-HIV-1 vaccine trials and coreceptor inhibitor drug targets in Chinese populations. Furthermore, we observed no significant differences in allele or genotypic frequencies between HIV-1-infected and HIV-1-uninfected groups from the Han ethnic group. Our finding is the first reporting that there is likely no effect of the examined polymorphisms in our study on HIV-1 transmission in the Chinese Han population, However, the genetic effects of these and other AIDS-modifying polymorphisms on the pathogenesis and clinical outcome of HIV-1/AIDS diseases is under investigation in Chinese populations.