Acute renal failure (ARF) represents a common and serious problem in clinical medicine.
Renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is the major cause of ARF in the native and
transplanted kidney. Several decades of research have provided successful therapeutic
approaches in animal models, but translational efforts in humans have yielded disappointing
results. The major reasons for this include a lack of early markers for ARF (and hence a
delay in initiating therapy), and the multi-factorial nature of the disease. This review focuses …