Mast cells (MC) are involved in a wide spectrum of disorders characterized by neovascularization and fibroproliferation. We and others recently reported that human MC are a source of basic fibroblast growth factor (b FGF-2), a potent angiogenic and mitogenic polypeptide, in several disease conditions, such as chronic inflammation, hemangioma, and benign cutaneous mastocytosis. These findings suggest that FGF-2 may be an important mediator of cell proliferation and angiogenesis associated with MC. Since MC are heterogeneous across species, it is unknown whether FGF-2 expression is a feature common to all MC, or whether FGF-2 expression by MC can be regulated. We therefore examined FGF-2 expression by MC in mouse tissue and MC lines. Immunostaining, RT-PCR, ELISA, immunoblot and Northern blot analyses were employed to study four murine MC lines for FGF-2 expression and its regulation by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), stem cell factor (SCF), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Mouse tissue MC and three of four murine MC lines (CFTL-12, CFTL-15, ABFTL-3) express FGF-2 as judged by immunostaining, ELISA, Western blot and Northern blot analyses, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. While TNF-α appeared to downregulate FGF-2 mRNA levels, treatment with SCF or TGF-β resulted in an increase in the expression of FGF-2 at mRNA level which can be attenuated by TNF-α. However, the concurrent increase in FGF-2 protein was negligible, possibly due to immaturity of these cell lines. Expression of FGF-2 may be a ubiquitous feature of MC in other species in addition to humans, and can be selectively regulated by SCF, TGF-β and TNF-α.